Wood stain is a type of finish used to enhance the appearance of wood by adding color while allowing the natural grain to show through. Wood stains consists of pigments or dyes suspended in a solvent, such as water, oil, or alcohol. Stains penetrate the wood fibers rather than sitting on the surface like paint, creating a more natural look.

There are different types of wood stains, including:

• Oil-based stains – Provide deep penetration and durability but take longer to dry.
• Water-based stains – Dry quickly, are low in odor, and are easier to clean up.
• Gel stains – Thicker consistency that prevents blotching, ideal for vertical surfaces.
• Dye stains – Provide vibrant color but can fade faster than pigment-based stains.

Stains are often sealed with a clear finish, like polyurethane, to protect the wood from wear and moisture.

Time to Dry

Stain typically takes four to six hours to dry.  Do not place furniture on newly stained deck for at least twenty four hours.

Preparing the Surface 

Stain only works if it can penetrate into the material.  This means that the material should be free of loose fibers, oils and organic material such as mildew.  For outdoor staining, power washing, sanding or the use of a wire brush or scraper can often effectively remove unwanted material.  However, be sure to sweep off  removed material, and in the event of power washing, allow the material to thoroughly dry to make it permeable to the stain.