[Computer Science | Network | Transmission Loss] Attenuation, specifically in fiber optics, is the reduction in intensity of the light beam due to traveling through a transmission medium. The medium is typically a fiber of silica glass that confines the incident light beam to the inside. Attenuation is an important factor limiting the transmission of a digital signal across large distances. Attenuation is usually measured in dB/km because of the high quality of modern transmission media. 

Variables:

• `I` = Input Intensity
• `O` = Output Intensity

Notes

Units need checked for correctness