Torispherical Head Tank Info

What is a Torispherical Head?

A torispherical head is a type of end cap used on pressure vessels, such as tanks and boilers, that combines the properties of both a toroidal (doughnut-shaped) and spherical segment. This design provides a smooth transition from the cylindrical body of the vessel to the end cap, helping to distribute stress more evenly and improve structural integrity.

Key Features of a Torispherical Head

• Crown Radius (CR): The radius of the spherical segment in the center of the head. It is usually equal to the diameter of the cylindrical section of the vessel.
• Knuckle Radius (KR): The radius of the toroidal section (the knuckle) that connects the crown to the cylindrical body. This radius is typically smaller than the crown radius and is often a fraction of the vessel's diameter, commonly around 6% to 10% of the diameter.
• Straight Flange: The short cylindrical section at the very end of the head, which provides a convenient surface for welding to the vessel body.

Applications

• Pressure Vessels: Torispherical heads are widely used in pressure vessels due to their ability to withstand high pressures and distribute stress effectively.
• Storage Tanks: Suitable for both liquid and gas storage tanks, particularly where pressure resistance is a critical factor.
• Boilers: Often used in the construction of boilers, where the combination of high pressure and temperature requires robust and reliable end caps.

Advantages

• Stress Distribution: The toroidal section helps to distribute stress more evenly, reducing the risk of failure under pressure.
• Manufacturing Efficiency: Easier to manufacture compared to other complex shapes, such as ellipsoidal heads.
• Cost-Effective: Often more cost-effective than other designs, such as hemispherical heads, due to the simpler manufacturing process.