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Energy Calculators

• Kinetic Energy:                                    `KE= 1/2 *m * v^2`
• Kinetic Energy (change of velocity):    `KE = 1/2*m*(V_1-V_2)^2`
• Relativistic Kinetic Energy:                    `E_K = (m*c^2)/sqrt(1 - v^2"/"c^2") - m*c^2`
• Potential Energy:                                  `U(y) = m*g*y`
• Potential Energy of Gravity (two bodies):   `U(G) = - (G*m1*m2)/r`
• Nuclear Binding Energy:                       `E = m*c^2`
• Quantum Energy (Planck's Equation):   `E = h*f`
• Energy of a Particle in a Box:                `E_n=(n^2h^2)/(8mL^2)`
• Molecular Kinetic Energy:                      `KE = 3/2 * k_B *T`
• Electrostatic Potential Energy:               `E_(el) = k_e * (Q_1*Q_2)/d`
• Photon Energy from Wavelength:          `E = (h*c)/lambda`
• Heat Energy to Change Material Temperature:  `Q = C * m *DeltaT`

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Energy is defined as the capacity to do work or cause change. It is a fundamental concept that exists in various forms and can be transferred between objects or converted from one form to another. Energy is conserved, meaning it cannot be created or destroyed—only transformed.

The main types of energy include:

1. Kinetic Energy: The energy an object has due to its motion. The faster an object moves, or the greater its mass, the more kinetic energy it possesses.
2. Potential Energy: The energy stored in an object due to its position or condition. For example, a rock at the top of a hill has gravitational potential energy, and a compressed spring has elastic potential energy.
3. Thermal Energy: The internal energy of an object due to the random movement of its molecules. Thermal energy is related to temperature; the higher the temperature, the more thermal energy.
4. Chemical Energy: The energy stored in the bonds between atoms in molecules. This energy can be released during chemical reactions, like when fuel is burned.
5. Electrical Energy: The energy associated with electric charges and their movement. This is the form of energy that powers electronic devices and is carried by electric currents.
6. Nuclear Energy: The energy stored in the nucleus of atoms. Nuclear reactions, such as fission and fusion, release large amounts of energy by altering atomic nuclei.
7. Radiant (or Light) Energy: The energy carried by electromagnetic waves, such as light, radio waves, and X-rays.

Energy plays a crucial role in nearly every physical process. It’s a foundational concept in physics because it allows scientists to analyze and predict how systems evolve, how objects interact, and how changes occur in nature.