In physics, work is defined as the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied to an object, causing it to move in the direction of the applied force. Work is done only when the force causes displacement of the object.

Mathematical Formula:

             W=F⋅d⋅cos⁡(θ)

Where:

      W = Work (measured in joules, J)

      F = Force applied (in newtons, N)

     d = Displacement of the object (in meters, m)

     θ = Angle between the force and displacement directions

Key Points:

1. Positive Work:
   • When the force and displacement are in the same direction.
   • Example: Pushing a box forward.
2. Negative Work:
   • When the force and displacement are in opposite directions.
   • Example: Friction slowing down a moving object.
3. Zero Work:
   • When there is no displacement or the force is perpendicular to the displacement.
   • Example: Carrying a bag while walking horizontally (force is vertical, displacement is horizontal).

Units of Work:

     SI unit: Joule (J)
    1 joule=1 newton⋅1 meter

    Other units: Erg (CGS unit), Foot-pound (Imperial unit)